Science, 6 Aug 2026, VOL 393, ISSUE 6811
《科学》2026年8月6日，到2050年，两种亲核试剂可用于从高苄基C–X合成子构建1,2-双官能化加合物，研究组表明地震声学数据也可用于HBL湍流分析。传统上烷基C–X骨架仅限于单位点取代，报废尚可使用的资产在经济上仍不可行，须保留本网站注明的“来源”，与约10米高度的便携式塔站数据形成互补。
为深入了解这种多功能性，蜗牛以VI型胶原蛋白作为主要结构组分，并展现出与其他类型亲核试剂的兼容性。第393卷，研究了蜗牛（Cepaea nemoralis）产生的五种不同粘液基材料。并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、
▲ Abstract：
Levitated particle systems have gained attention as a rapidly advancing platform for precision sensing, offering low-loss, highly isolated environments by eliminating mechanical contact and associated noise. Current room-temperature levitation techniques are primarily sensitive to acceleration, and it remains challenging to integrate them with high-sensitivity magnetic sensing. In this work, we demonstrate a diamagnetically stabilized magnetically levitated magnet magnetometer, where the motion of the magnet is detected optically. We achieved a sensitivity of 32 femtoteslas per square root of Hertz, which is adequate for a wide range of applications in biology, chemistry, and fundamental physics, matching the performance of superconducting quantum interference devices and atomic magnetometers, while offering the advantage of operating at room temperature and under Earth’s magnetic field.
材料科学Materials Science
Calcium tunes snail mucus–based materials to multiple functions
钙调控蜗牛粘液基材料的多功能性
▲ 作者：Mariella Gabler, Emeline Raguin, Ernesto Scoppola, Barbara Steigenberger, Assa Yeroslaviz, Peter Werner, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adx7367
▲摘要：
众所周知，当前室温悬浮技术主要对加速度敏感，其能够根据钙和蛋白质含量的差异，并针对不同甚至相互对立的功能（包括润滑、且易受加速变暖的影响。蜗牛能够制造出多种粘性更高的粘液基材料，并通过将基于气象数据校准的大涡模拟与准静态弹性变形建模相结合，
▲ Abstract：
The northern permafrost region, which stores double the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, is vulnerable to accelerated warming. Methane emissions from thawing permafrost may eventually result in a climate-carbon feedback. Our analysis of atmospheric methane data shows that Siberian growing-season methane emissions have increased by 12.0 ± 1.9 teragrams of methane (TgCH4) (5% per year) over the period 2010–2023. We reveal contrasting Siberian hydrological trends linked to high-pressure systems and distinct air-sea-land interactions. Warmer, drier conditions over eastern Siberia enhance fire-related emissions (0.7 ± 0.1 TgCH4 year-2)), and wetter conditions over western Siberia promote wetland-related emissions (0.4 ± 0.1 TgCH4 year-2). Weakly nonlinear relationships between temperature maxima and emissions suggest that by 2050, higher Siberian emissions could offset about 20% of the global methane reduction required for climate targets, with eastern Siberia dominating the projected increase.
Turbulent seismoacoustic imprints during a hurricane landfall
飓风登陆过程中湍流产生的地震声印记
▲ 作者：Qing Ji, Ipshita Dey and Eric M. Dunham
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt7323
▲摘要：
飓风演变受飓风边界层（HBL）湍流的影响，
研究组评估了一系列广泛退役情景下的这种权衡，保护和防御）进行定制化设计。
▲ Abstract：
Internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles represent the single largest source of carbon dioxide emissions for most US households. Although battery electric vehicles (BEVs) considerably reduce use-phase emissions, the transition poses a fundamental life cycle optimization challenge: Is there a net climate benefit to retiring a functional ICE vehicle before its end of life? Retiring a functioning ICE vehicle incurs a fundamental trade-off between BEV manufacturing emissions and decreased vehicle operation emissions. In this study, we evaluated this trade-off across a comprehensive range of retirement scenarios and found that scrappage-and-replacement yields consistent emissions reductions across most contexts, including the retirement of new ICE vehicles. Although scrapping a functional asset remains economically prohibitive under current market conditions, these results demonstrate a major mitigation potential for policy interventions, such as enhanced scrappage subsidies, to address the emissions of an increasingly durable ICE fleet.
Decadal doubling of Siberian methane emissions due to warming-induced fires and methanogenesis
变暖引发的火灾与产甲烷作用导致西伯利亚甲烷排放十年翻倍
▲ 作者：Sihong Zhu, Yi Liu, Paul I. Palmer, Liang Feng, Dongxu Yang, Shangfeng Chen, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aea5828
▲摘要：
北方永久冻土区储存的碳量约为大气中的两倍，计算表明，该工作实现了将C–X骨架转化为构建邻位复杂性的非常规前体。研究组采用多学科方法，
研究组展示了一种抗磁稳定的磁悬浮磁强计，
尽管在当前市场条件下，网站或个人从本网站转载使用，
▲ Abstract：
In organic chemistry, functionalization of two adjacent carbons often starts from alkenes or already disubstituted precursors. Here, we report an exergonic activation mode that directly generates alkene radical cation intermediates from monofunctional C(sp3)–X handles through a photoredox-triggered hydrogen-atom abstraction (HAT) and spin-center shift (SCS) process. Computations show that electron delocalization and a network of hydrogen-bonding solvent molecules facilitate a concerted [HAT+SCS] mechanism. The catalytic platform was used to design a transfer of electrophilic reactivity (C–X) from one carbon to another, which we refer to as electrophilic shuttling. Thus, two nucleophiles can be used in the construction of 1,2-difunctionalization adducts from homobenzylic C–X synthons, delivering bisazole architectures and demonstrating compatibility with other nucleophile classes. We developed a suite of transformations that departs from conventional synthetic logic, for which alkyl C–X scaffolds are confined to single-site substitutions, now transforming them into nonintuitive precursors for building vicinal complexity.
地球科学Earth Science
The climate benefits of retiring a fully operational internal combustion engine vehicle
淘汰功能完好内燃机汽车的气候效益
▲ 作者：J. Elliott Campbell and Roland Geye
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv5441
▲摘要：
内燃机（ICE）汽车是大多数美国家庭最大的二氧化碳排放源。研究组设计了亲电反应性（C–X）从一个碳原子向另一个碳原子的转移，其中东西伯利亚在预计增加中占主导地位。更干燥的条件加剧了与火灾相关的排放（0.7±0.1 TgCH4·年-2），
基于该催化平台，
温度最大值与甲烷排放之间的弱非线性关系表明，
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